Is Stevia Bad for You? Here’s What Experts Say About This Sugar Substitute
Updated: Sep. 21, 2020
After more than a decade on the market, stevia has triggered a few health concerns.
When stevia first hit the U.S. market in 2008, many in the nutritional community were over the moon about the health potential of this new sugar substitute. There was finally a “natural” sugar substitute with zero calories that was up to 300 times sweeter than sugar. The hope was that stevia could aid weight loss efforts without sacrificing taste and would play a role in managing diabetes. In fact, some of this has come to fruition.
What is stevia?
Derived from the South American Stevia rebaudiana plant, this sugar substitute is also known as rebaudioside A, reb-A, or rebian. The plant contains steviol glycosides, which are used as sweeteners. Stevia brand names include Splenda and Pyure. Stevia can be found in drinks, desserts, gum, baked goods, candy, yogurt, and packets for use in beverages, and can also be used when baking at home.
Is stevia safe?
Stevia is considered a “generally recognized as safe (GRAS)” ingredient by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This doesn’t apply to stevia leaf and crude stevia extracts, which don’t have FDA approval for use in food.
There was some initial concern that stevia might increase the risk of cancer or reproductive problems based on animal studies; the watchdog group Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) led the charge calling for the FDA to hold back GRAS status. But now after 10-plus years on the market, stevia is safe even by CSPI standards, although the group still wants more testing to further establish its safety.
Potential health benefits of Stevia
Controlling blood sugar levels is the cornerstone of diabetes management, and some foods have more dramatic effects in this regard than others. Stevia does not raise blood sugar, explains Leah Kaufman, MS, registered dietician and certified diabetes educator in the weight management program at NYU Langone in New York City. “Stevia would be a good and safe sugar alternative for the patients with diabetes,” she says.
There is even some evidence suggesting that stevia may be beneficial beyond what you’d expect from cutting back on sugar. In a 2017 study in Nature Communications, researchers at the University of Leuven in Belgium showed that stevia stimulates a protein that is essential for taste perception and is involved in the release of insulin after a meal. The hormone insulin is produced by your pancreas to regulate blood sugar.
(Related: These are the best herbs and supplements for diabetes.)
The American Diabetes Association and the American Heart Association agree that stevia can be beneficial for people with diabetes if they use it in moderation and do not compensate by eating extra calories at a later time. The European Food Safe Authority and the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives established an acceptable daily intake range of no more than 12 mg daily, which is the equivalent of 40 packets for a 150-pound person, Kaufman say.
Stevia is a good substitute for regular-caloric sucrose as it has zero calories. “Those who are choosing to substitute sugar with stevia may benefit from this alternative; however, weight loss is not guaranteed,” Kaufman says. In fact, at least one small 2016 study showed that when participants had a drink sweetened with stevia instead of sugar in the morning, they compensated by eating more at lunch.
Yes, you will consume fewer calories if you use stevia instead of sugar, says David Levitsky, PhD, professor, division of nutritional sciences at Cornell University. “Theoretically this could lead to weight loss over time, but this is very hard to show in studies,” he says. “For losing weight, this is one mechanism to use, but it’s not going to make you lose 100 pounds. Reducing fat, monitoring portion size, and eating only when you are hungry, are far more effective than substituting stevia for sugar, for weight loss.”
(Related: Signs you’re sabotaging your weight loss.)
What does stevia taste like?
Does it taste like sugar? Not exactly, Levitsky notes. “You will never get a sugar substitute that tastes exactly like sugar.” Stevia is derived from a plant, which is seen as a benefit by many people who prefer to eat foods that are natural, he says. Because it is so, so sweet, you don’t need that much, so stevia is often mixed with a bulkier “carrier” agent such as erythritol or dextrose (which is a sugar from corn), which also gives it a more sugar-like appearance and texture.
“The stevia you may purchase at the store may be mixed with Reb-A or erythritol, a sugar alcohol, which can have negative gastrointestinal effects and cause digestive problems in some people,” Kaufman warns. Sugar alcohols are found in many sugar-free gums and candies (not necessarily along with stevia) and eating too much can cause diarrhea.
Make sure to read the labels so you know exactly what is in your sugar substitute, she says.
